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Mustaqbalka 5G marka loo eego aragtida hawl-wadeennada 'helitaanka wadajirka ah: kobcinta joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada anteenada badan ee-band

Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada, dhamaadkii bishii June ee sanadkan, waxaa la dhisay 961,000 saldhig 5G ah, 365 milyan oo 5G ah ayaa la dhisay, taas oo ka dhigan in ka badan 80 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee adduunka, waxaana jiray kuwo kale oo badan. In ka badan 10,000 kiisas cusub oo 5G ah oo ku yaal Shiinaha.

Horumarka 5G ee Shiinaha waa mid degdeg ah, laakiin kuma filna.Dhawaan, si loo dhiso shabakad 5G ah oo leh dabool ballaaran oo qoto dheer, Shiinaha Telecom iyo China Unicom waxay si wadajir ah u heleen 240,000 2.1g 5G saldhigyo ah, Shiinaha Mobile iyo raadiyaha iyo TV-ga waxay si wadajir ah u heleen 480,000 700M 5G saldhigyo, iyada oo wadarta maalgelinta 58 bilyan yuan.

Warshaduhu waxay fiiro gaar ah siinayaan saamiga tartanka ee soo-saareyaasha gudaha iyo kuwa ajnabiga ah, waxaanan ka helnaa horumarka 5G ee labadan wax soo iibsiga degdega ah.Hawl-wadeenadu kaliya maaha inay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan khibradaha isticmaalaha sida awoodda shabakada 5G iyo xawaaraha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan daboolka shabakada 5G iyo isticmaalka tamarta yar.

5G waxa uu ahaa mid ganacsi ahaan loo heli karo ilaa laba sano waxaana la filayaa in uu gaadho 1.7 milyan dhamaadka sanadkan,iyada oo dhawr milyan oo kale oo saldhigeedu yahay 5G la dhisi doono sanadaha soo socda 5G inuu yimaado).

Markaa halkee ayuu 5G ka tagi doonaa qaybta labaad ee 2021?Sidee hawlwadeenadu u dhisaan 5G?Qoraagu waxa uu helay jawaabo la iska indho tiray dalabaadka wax iibsiga wadajirka ah iyo tijaabada tignoolajiyada 5G ee ugu wanagsan meelo kala duwan.

1. Haddii uu faa'iidooyin badan ku leeyahay dhismaha shabakadda 5G

Iyada oo qoto-dheeraanta ganacsiga 5G iyo hagaajinta heerka gelitaanka 5G, taraafikada taleefannada gacanta ayaa sii kordhaya si ba'an, dadkuna waxay yeelan doonaan shuruudo sare oo sarreeya oo ku saabsan xawaaraha iyo daboolida shabakadda 5G.Xogta ITU iyo ururada kale waxay muujinaysaa in 2025, 5G isticmaala Shiinaha ee DOU uu kori doono 15GB ilaa 100GB (26GB caalami ahaan), tirada xidhiidhada 5G ayaa gaari doona 2.6 bilyan.

Sida loo daboolo baahida mustaqbalka ee 5G iyo si hufan oo raqiis ah loo dhiso shabakad 5G tayo sare leh oo leh caymis ballaadhan, xawaare degdeg ah iyo aragti wanaagsan ayaa noqotay dhibaato degdeg ah hawl-wadeennada marxaladdan.Maxaa la gudboon sidayaasha?

Aan ku bilowno kooxda ugu xasaasisan.Mustaqbalka, xargaha soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya sida 700M, 800M iyo 900M, xargaha soo noqnoqda dhexe sida 1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G iyo 3.5g, iyo xadhkaha hirarka millimitirka sare ayaa loo cusboonaysiin doonaa 5G.Laakiin marka xigta, hawl-wadeenadu waxay u baahan yihiin inay tixgeliyaan nooca spectrum si fiican u dabooli kara baahiyaha isticmaalayaasha 5G hadda.

Marka hore fiiri soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya.Calaamadaha soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya waxay leeyihiin dhexgalka wanaagsan, faa'iidooyinka daboolka, dhismaha shabakad hoose iyo kharashyada dayactirka, iyo hawl-wadeenada qaar ayaa qani ku ah ilaha soo noqnoqda, kuwaas oo ku filan marxaladda hore ee dhismaha shabakada.

Hawl-wadeenada geynaya 5G ee xadhkaha soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya sidoo kale waxay la kulmaan dhibaatooyin faragelin sare ah iyo xawaarahooda shabakadu gaabis ah.Sida laga soo xigtay tijaabada, xawaaraha 5G-hoose wuxuu 1.8 kaliya ka dheereeyaa shabakada 4G ee leh isla band-hooseeya, kaas oo weli ku jira tirada tobanaan Mbps.Waxa la odhan karaa waa shabakadda 5G ugu gaabis badan mana buuxin karto baahida isticmaalayaasha ee garashada iyo khibradda 5G.

Sababtoo ah silsiladda warshadaha ee aan qaan-gaarin ee silsiladda soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya, kaliya laba shabakado ganacsi oo 800M 5G ah ayaa la sii daayay adduunka waqtigan xaadirka ah, halka shabakadaha ganacsiga ee 900M 5G aan wali la sii deyn.Sidaa darteed, waa goor hore in 5G dib loogu soo celiyo 800M/900M.Waxaa la filayaa in silsiladda warshaduhu ay ku socon karto wadada saxda ah kaliya 2024 ka dib.

Iyo hirarka milimitirka.Hawl-wadeenadu waxay geynayaan 5G mowjadaha millimitirka ee soo noqnoqda, taas oo u keeni karta isticmaalayaasha xawaaraha gudbinta xogta si dhakhso ah, laakiin fogaanta gudbintu waa mid gaaban, ama bartilmaameedka wajiga xiga ee dhismaha.Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye hawl-wadeenadu waxay u baahan yihiin inay dhisaan saldhigyo 5G ah oo badan oo ay ku bixiyaan lacag badan.Sida iska cad, hawl wadeenada heerkan xaadirka ah, marka laga reebo shuruudaha daboolida meelaha kulul, xaaladaha kale kuma haboona dhisitaanka xargaha soo noqnoqda ee sarreeya.

Iyo ugu dambeyntii spectrum.Hawl-wadeenadu waxay ku dhisayaan 5G qaybta dhexe, taas oo keeni karta xawaarahooda xog sare iyo awood xogeed oo ka badan kan hoose.Marka la barbardhigo spectrum sare, waxay yarayn kartaa tirada dhismaha saldhigga waxayna yareyn kartaa kharashka dhismaha shabakadaha hawlwadeenada.Waxaa intaa dheer, isku xirka silsiladaha warshadaha sida chip terminal iyo qalabka saldhiga saldhiga ayaa aad u bislaaday.

Sidaa darteed, ra'yiga qoraaga, dhowrka sano ee soo socda, hawl-wadeenadu waxay wali diiradda saari doonaan dhismaha saldhigyada 5G ee dhexdhexaadinta dhexe, oo ay ku kabaan kooxo kale oo soo noqnoqda.Sidan, hawl-wadeenadu waxay ku heli karaan dheelitirnaan inta u dhaxaysa baaxadda caymiska, kharashka iyo awoodda.

Sida laga soo xigtay THE GSA, waxaa jira in ka badan 160 5G shabakadaha ganacsiga adduunka oo dhan, iyadoo afarta sare waa 3.5g networks (123), 2.1G networks (21), 2.6G networks (14) iyo 700M networks (13).Marka laga eego dhinaca terminal-ka, 3.5g + 2.1g qaan-gaadhnimada warshadaha ee terminal waa 2 ilaa 3 sano ka hor, gaar ahaan 2.1g maturity terminal ayaa soo dhawaaday 3.5/2.6g.

Warshadaha qaan-gaarka ahi waa aasaaska guusha ganacsi ee 5G.Marka laga eego dhinacan, hawl-wadeennada Shiinaha ee dhisaya 5G oo leh 2.1g + 3.5g iyo 700M + 2.6G shabakadaha ayaa faa'iido u leh dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu horreeya ee warshadaha sanadaha soo socda.

2,FDD 8 t8r

Ka caawi hawl wadeenada inay sare u qaadaan qiimaha inta jeer ee dhexdhexaadka ah

Marka laga reebo spectrum, anteenooyin badan ayaa sidoo kale fure u ah buuxinta baahiyaha kobcinta shabakadaha 5G ee hawlwadeenada.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, 4T4R (afar anteeno gudbin ah iyo afar anteenooyin ah oo hela) iyo teknoolojiyadda anteenada saldhigyada kale ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo shabakadaha 5G FDD ee hawl-wadeenadu ma sii adkeysan karaan caqabadaha ay keeneen kobaca taraafikada iyagoo si fudud u kordhinaya xawaaraha xawaaraha.

Intaa waxaa dheer, sida isticmaalayaasha 5G ay koraan, hawl-wadeenadu waa inay kordhiyaan tirada saldhigyada saldhigyada si ay u taageeraan isku-xirnaanta ballaaran, taasoo horseedaysa faragelinta is-dhexgalka ee u dhexeeya isticmaalayaasha.Tiknooloojiyada anteenada ee 2T2R iyo 4T4R ee dhaqanka ah ma taageeraan hanuuninta saxda ah ee heerka adeegsadaha mana gaari karaan iftiin sax ah, taasoo keentay hoos u dhaca xawaaraha isticmaalaha.

Waa maxay nooca tignoolajiyada anteenada badan ee u oggolaan doonta hawl-wadeenada in ay gaadhaan ballaadhka caymiska 5G iyaga oo sidoo kale tixgelinaya arrimo ay ka mid yihiin awoodda saldhigga saldhigga iyo khibradda isticmaale?Sida aan ognahay, xawaaraha gudbinta ee shabakada wireless inta badan waxay kuxirantahay habka shaqada ee dirida iyo helitaanka calaamadaha udhaxeeya saldhiga shabakada iyo aaladaha terminaalka sida taleefannada casriga ah, halka tikniyoolajiyada anteenada badan ay labanlaabmi karto awooda saldhiga saldhiga (beam sax ah oo ku saleysan Anteeno badan ayaa xakameyn kara faragelinta).

Sidaa darteed, horumarka degdega ah ee 5G wuxuu u baahan yahay horumarinta joogtada ah ee FDD ilaa 8T8R, Massive MIMO iyo teknoolojiyadda kale ee anteenada badan.Fikradda qoraaga, 8T8R waxay noqon doontaa jihada dhismaha mustaqbalka ee shabakada 5GFDD si loo gaaro "labada waayo-aragnimada iyo caymiska" sababaha soo socda.

Marka hore, marka laga eego aragtida caadiga ah, 3GPP ayaa la wanaajiyey nooc kasta oo borotokoolka ah iyadoo si buuxda loo tixgalinayo terminal multi-anteenooyinka.Nooca R17 wuxuu yarayn doonaa kakanaanta terminaalka wuxuuna tijaabin doonaa heerka kanaalka terminaalka iyada oo loo marayo macluumaadka wejiga ee u dhexeeya guutooyinka sare iyo kuwa hoose ee saldhiga saldhiga.Nooca R18 wuxuu sidoo kale ku dari doonaa koodh sax ah oo sarreeya.

Hirgelinta heerarkan waxay u baahan yihiin ugu yaraan 5G FDD saldhigyada saldhigyada si ay u yeeshaan tignoolajiyada anteenada 8T8R.Isla mar ahaantaana, nidaamyada R15 iyo R16 ee xilligii 5G ayaa si weyn u hagaajiyay waxqabadkooda iyo taageerada 2.1g-bandwidth 2CC CA.Xeerarka R17 iyo R18 ayaa sidoo kale wadi doona horumarka sii socda ee FDD Massive MIMO.

Marka labaad, marka laga eego dhinaca terminal-ka, 4R (afar anteeno) ee taleefannada casriga ah iyo terminaalka kale waxay sii deyn karaan awoodda saldhigga saldhigga 2.1g 8T8R, iyo 4R waxay noqonaysaa qaabeynta caadiga ah ee taleefannada gacanta ee 5G, kaas oo iskaashi la yeelan kara shabakad si loo kordhiyo qiimaha anteenooyinkooda badan.

Mustaqbalka, 6R / 8R terminal ayaa lagu dhejiyay warshadaha, tignoolajiyada hadda waa la xaqiijiyay: tikniyoolajiyadda qaabeynta 6-anteenada ayaa lagu xaqiiqsaday mashiinka oo dhan, iyo xirmada borotokoolka aasaasiga ah ee 8R ayaa lagu taageeray processor-ka baseband ee terminal.

Waraaqda cad ee laxiriirta ee Shiinaha Telecom iyo Shiinaha Unicom waxay tixgelisaa 5G 2.1g 4R sida taleefanka gacanta ee qasabka ah, una baahan dhammaan taleefannada gacanta ee 5G FDD ee suuqa Shiinaha si ay u taageeraan Sub3GHz 4R.

Marka la eego soo saarayaasha terminaalka, talefannada gacanta ee dhexe iyo kuwa ugu sarreeya waxay taageereen 5G FDD dhexda celceliska 1.8/2.1g 4R, iyo mustaqbalka guud ee 5G FDD taleefannada gacanta waxay taageeri doonaan Sub 3GHz 4R, kaas oo noqon doona heer.

Isla mar ahaantaana, awoodda isku xidhka shabakada ayaa ah faa'iidada ugu weyn ee FDD 5G.Marka loo eego tijaabada, waayo-aragnimada ugu sarreysa ee 2.1g-bandwidth 2T (2 anteenooyinka gudbinta) terminaalka ayaa dhaaftay 3.5g.Waxa la saadaalin karaa, iyadoo ay kaxayso tartanka suuqa ka jira iyo baahida hawl-wadeenada, talefannada gacanta oo aad u sarreeya ayaa taageeri doona kor u qaadida 2T ee band 2.1g mustaqbalka.

Marka saddexaad, marka laga eego dhinaca waayo-aragnimada, 60% ilaa 70% baahida socodka guurguura ee hadda jirta waxay ka timaadaa gudaha, laakiin gidaarka sibidhka ee culus ee gudaha ku jira wuxuu noqon doonaa caqabadda ugu weyn ee saldhigga Acer dibadda si loo gaaro dabool gudaha ah.

Tignoolajiyada anteenada 2.1g 8T8R waxay leedahay awood gelid xoog leh waxayna gaari kartaa daboolka gudaha ee dhismayaasha gaagaaban ee deegaanka.Waxay ku habboon tahay adeegyada daahsoon ee hooseeya waxayna siinaysaa hawl-wadeennada faa'iidooyin badan tartanka mustaqbalka.Intaa waxaa dheer, marka la barbar dhigo unugga 4T4R ee dhaqameed, awoodda unugga 8T8R waxaa lagu kordhiyey 70% iyo daboolka ayaa kordhay in ka badan 4dB.

Ugu dambeyntii, marka laga eego aragtida hawlgalka iyo kharashka dayactirka, dhinaca kale, tignoolajiyada anteenada 8T8R ayaa ah doorashada ugu fiican ee labadaba daboolida kor u kaca magaalada iyo hoos-u-dhigga miyiga, sababtoo ah waxay leedahay faa'iido dib-u-eegis umana baahna in lagu beddelo 10 sano gudahood. ka dib markii hawlwadeenku uu maalgashado.

Dhanka kale, 2.1g 8T8R technology anteeno ayaa badbaadin kara 30% -40% tirada goobaha marka la barbar dhigo dhismaha shabakada 4T4R, waxaana lagu qiyaasaa in TCO ay badbaadin karto in ka badan 30% 7 sano gudahood.Hawl-wadeennada, dhimista tirada xarumaha 5G waxay la macno tahay shabakadu waxay gaari kartaa isticmaalka tamarta yar mustaqbalka, taas oo sidoo kale la jaan qaadaysa himilada Shiinaha ee "dual carbon".

Waxaa xusid mudan in kheyraadka cirka ee saldhigga 5G ee hadda jira uu yahay mid xaddidan, qof kasta oo ka shaqeeyana uu leeyahay hal ama laba tiir oo kaliya.Anteenooyinka taageeraya tignoolajiyada anteenada 8T8R waxaa lagu dhex dari karaa anteenooyinka 3G iyo 4G ee shabakada tooska ah, taas oo si weyn u fududaynaysa goobta iyo badbaadinta kirada goobta.

3. FDD 8T8R ma aha aragti

Hawl-wadeenadu waxay tijaabiyeen dhowr meelood

Farsamada anteenada badan ee FDD 8T8R ayaa si ganacsi ahaan loo geeyay in ka badan 30 hawl wadeen oo adduunka ah.Shiinaha, hawl-wadeenno badan oo maxalli ah ayaa sidoo kale dhammaystiray ansaxinta ganacsiga ee 8T8R waxayna gaadheen natiijooyin wanaagsan.

Bishii Juun ee sanadkan, Xiamen Telecom iyo Huawei waxay soo gabagabeeyeen furitaanka goobta hal-abuurka wadajirka ah ee 4/5G dual-mode 2.1g 8T8R adduunka ugu horeysay.Imtixaanka, waxaa la ogaaday in qoto dheer ee daboolka 5G 2.1g 8T8R lagu hagaajiyay in ka badan 4dB iyo awoodda hoos u dhigista ayaa kordhay in ka badan 50% marka la barbar dhigo 4T4R-dhaqameed.

Bishii Luulyo ee sanadkan, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Shiinaha Unicom iyo Guangzhou Unicom waxay ku biireen gacmaha Huawei si ay u dhammaystiraan xaqiijinta goobta Shiinaha Unicom Group 5G FDD 8T8R ee ugu horreysa ee ku taal bannaanka Guangzhou Biological Island.Iyada oo ku saleysan FDD 2.1g 40MHz bandwidth, cabbirka goobta ee 8T8R waxay hagaajinaysaa daboolka 5dB iyo awoodda unugga ilaa 70% marka la barbar dhigo unugga 4T4R ee caadiga ah.